Friday 19 October 2018

Crystallography Techniques: Application to Lithium Mining


The Crystallographic study suggests a blending model of chemical solutions over a network of interconnected pipes and pumps.  The master goal of this current study is to rationalize a number of quality requirements in the network´s output.    It is well known that the traditional methodology and strategy used to tackle this kind of technical problem has been to consider a modeling methodology based upon flow and quality.  In this study, we suggest a new model and the overall method has been focused on the actual feasibility and throughout the course of the current study it is shown that, the whole process is reduced to a non-convex problem.

A rather complete and informative analysis of the intermolecular and intermolecular potentials is put forward with reference to the lanthanide type systems, such as in the, space group.  A particular situation occurs in both extreme of the series, say for   and respectively.  The thirteen trivalent lanthanide ions, moving along the series from  to , for these ions the shell is not fully occupied and therefore the physical and chemical properties are indeed, somehow challenging and interesting to examine using structural, spectroscopic and theoretical methods and model calculations.  

Using these methods of mining and mineralogy there has been development and many implementation in the new model by employing a numerical analysis method and the results obtained show up to be quite sensible and consistent so as to provide sound and realistic solutions. This area of research is quite relevant since new mobile technology; digital cameras, laptops and electro mobility and so forth have become essential to humankind. It is, well known that the operational availability is limited by the quality of the batteries employed. Prolonged operative life per load requirements has motivated research aimed to develop a new technology of energy storage. There are several options, nevertheless in this specific study we have chosen batteries based in Lithium since they have become attractive and highly efficient, due to the characteristic of this chemical element (Z=3). In this research a feasibility problem is modeling using a least square objective function over a convex polyhedral, where the only variables are the ones related to flow and the quality variables are “transferred” to the objective function, reducing the complexity of the constraints which makes the problem amenable to traditional techniques which are easy to implement. The Frank-Wolf´s method was used to solve the complex problem with a quite satisfactory performance. From a model viewpoint, this is a new approach and we believe that this methodology and strategy could seduce researchers to make improvements for the whole model presented in this article.

In this current research work, we have elaborated some physical models and carried out a substantial amount of calculations, so as to estimate the reticular energy and also, employing a thermodynamic Born-Haber cycle, we have been able to make some sound predictions and numerical estimate of heat of formations for the above series of lanthanide type crystals. The calculated energy values associated with these observables seems to be most reasonable, and these follow the expected trends, as may be anticipated from theoretical and experimental grounds. Both, the advantages and disadvantages of the current model calculations, have been tested against other previous calculations performed.

Thursday 11 October 2018

Nanotechnology Strategy by developing Nano-crystalline Materials


Development of nano crystalline tungsten-25%Rhenium alloy reinforced with hafnium carbide is a challenging task as these alloys are difficult to synthesize by conventional methods. The problem of these difficult to alloy elements can be addressed by using a unique combination of mechanical alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering SPS techniques via powder metallurgy route.  Rhenium was added to lower ductile-to-brittle transition temperature and to increase re crystallization temperature of tungsten. SPS is rapid consolidating technique which prevents grain growth.

Basically, glycan beautifies all mammalian cell surfaces through glycosylation. Glycan is one of the most important post-modiļ¬cations of proteins. Glycans on cell surfaces facilitate a wide variety of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, cell-cell communication, immune response, intracellular signalling events and host-pathogen interactions. High-performance optical sensors are very important for rapid, sensitive and precise detection of chemical and biological species for various fields, including biomedical diagnosis, drug screening, food safety, environmental protection etc.


To explore the novel kinds of sensors with low cost, portability, sufficient sensitivity, high specificity, excellent reproducibility, and multiplexing detection capability still remain in high demand. Therefore, a significant advancement of silicon nanotechnology, functional silicon nanomaterial/Nano hybrids (e.g., fluorescent silicon nanoparticles, gold/silver nanoparticles-decorated silicon nanowires or silicon wafer, etc) featuring unique optical properties have been intensively employed for the design of high-quality fluorescent and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensors. Therefore, currently exists increasing concerns on the development of a kind of high-performance SERS platform, which is suitable for glycan expression of different cell lines and as well as used for the sensitive detection of glycans on live cells. Herein, we introduce the possibility of silicon-based probe for biomolecules of interest in the vicinity of cells using SERS.

These tool materials can withstand high temperatures and harsh conditions in joining application such as Friction Stir Welding FSW of steel and titanium alloys. FSW is a green process which does not emit fume and toxic fumes during the process.  Sintering was carried between 1500-1800oC. Mechanically alloyed and Spark Plasma Sintered alloy and composite were characterized by optical microscopy. Spark plasma sintered samples were further electrochemically etched in one molar concentrated solution of NaOH. The results of the FESEM images confirm microstructural revelation of these difficult to etch alloy and composites. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy FESEM and X-ray Diffraction.  Microstructural investigation of consolidated specimens was initially carried out by conventional etching and metallography techniques. Optical micrographs showed no visible signs of grain boundary etching. 


Come & Join us to meet the World's Great Scientists, Researchers professionals, Professors, Young Research Forum (YRF), Students @ Crystallography Congress 2018 during November 19-20, 2018 in Bucharest, Romania.

Contact:
Jessica Mark
Program Manager | Crystallography Congress 2018
Email: crystallography@enggmeet.com